100 important questions from biology with answers
1. Which component of blood is primarily responsible for
clotting?
a) red blood cells
b) White blood cells
c) Platelets
d) Plasma
Answer: c) Platelets
2. What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell in the
human body?
a) 1 day
b) 7 days
c) 30 days
d) 120 days
Answer: d) 120 days
3. What is the main function of white blood cells
(leukocytes) in the body?
a) Carrying oxygen
b) Fighting
infections
c) Transporting
nutrients
d) Initiating blood
clotting
Answer: b) Fighting
infections
4. What is the liquid component of blood called?
a) Hemoglobin
b) Serum
c) Plasma
d) Lymph
Answer: c) Plasma
5. Which blood group is considered the universal recipient?
a) A
b) B
c) AB
d) O
Answer: c) AB
6. What is the function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
a) Fighting
infections
b) Carrying oxygen
c) Initiating blood
clotting
d) Transporting
nutrients
Answer: b) Carrying
oxygen
7. Which blood cells are responsible for the transport of
oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body?
a) red blood cells
b) White blood cells
c) Platelets
d) Plasma
Answer: a) Red blood
cells
8. What is the process called by which blood cells are
formed?
a) Coagulation
b) Hematopoiesis
c) Hemostasis
d) Erythropoiesis
Answer: b)
Hematopoiesis
9. What is the name of the protein responsible for blood
clotting?
a) Hemoglobin
b) Albumin
c) Fibrinogen
d) Globulin
Answer: c) Fibrinogen
10. What is the primary function of bones in the human body?
a) Formation of blood cells
b) Providing structural support
c) Storing minerals such as calcium and
phosphorus
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
11. What type of connective tissue covers the ends of bones
to reduce friction and absorb shock?
a) Ligaments
b) Tendons
c) Cartilage
d) Synovial membrane
Answer: c) Cartilage
12. Which bone is commonly referred to as the thigh bone?
a) Femur
b) Tibia
c) Fibula
d) Patella
Answer: a) Femur
13. What is the process of bone formation called?
a) Ossification
b) Resorption
c) Calcification
d) Coagulation
Answer: a) Ossification
14. Which bone is located in the forearm and is on the same
side as the thumb?
a) Radius
b) Ulna
c) Humerus
d) Carpals
Answer: a) Radius
15. What is the outer layer of a bone called?
a) Epiphysis
b) Diaphysis
c) Periosteum
d) Endosteum
Answer: c) Periosteum
16. What type of cartilage is found in the external ear and
the tip of the nose?
a) Hyaline cartilage
b) Elastic cartilage
c) Fibrocartilage
d) Articular cartilage
Answer: b) Elastic cartilage
17. What is the function of yellow bone marrow?
a) Production of red blood cells
b) Storage of fat
c) Providing structural support
d) Synthesis of hormones
Answer: b) Storage of fat
18. Which bone is commonly known as the collarbone?
a) Clavicle
b) Scapula
c) Sternum
d) Humerus
Answer: a) Clavicle
19. What type of joint allows for free movement in multiple
directions, such as the shoulder joint?
a) Hinge joint
b) Ballandsocket joint
c) Pivot joint
d) Gliding joint
Answer: b) Ballandsocket joint
20. What is the primary function of the excretory system?
a) Regulation of body temperature
b) Removal of waste products from the body
c) Production of hormones
d) Digestion of food
Answer: b) Removal of waste products from the
body
Here is the translation for questions 21 to 100:
21. Which organ is primarily responsible for filtering waste
products from the blood?
a) Liver
b) Kidneys
c) Lungs
d) Pancreas
Answer: b) Kidneys
22. What is the functional unit of the kidney responsible
for filtering waste products from the blood?
a) Nephron
b) Ureter
c) Bladder
d) Urethra
Answer: a) Nephron
23. Which of the following is not a waste product excreted
by the kidneys?
a) Urea
b) Bilirubin
c) Creatinine
d) Uric acid
Answer: b) Bilirubin
24. What is the name of the tube that carries urine from the
kidney to the bladder?
a) Urethra
b) Ureter
c) Renal artery
d) Renal vein
Answer: b) Ureter
25. What is the functional unit of the excretory system
found in the skin?
a) Nephron
b) Alveolus
c) Sweat gland
d) Sebaceous gland
Answer: c) Sweat gland
26. Which hormone controls water reabsorption in the
kidneys?
a) Insulin
b) Glucagon
c) Aldosterone
d) Thyroxine
Answer: c) Aldosterone
27. Which organ is responsible for producing urine in the
excretory system?
a) Liver
b) Gallbladder
c) Bladder
d) Kidneys
Answer: d) Kidneys
28. What is the medical term for the process of emptying the
bladder?
a) Storage
b) Diuresis
c) Filtration
d) Micturition
Answer: d) Micturition
29. Which of the following is a function of the excretory
system?
a) Production of digestive enzymes
b) Regulation of blood sugar levels
c) Removal of excess salt from the body
d) Synthesis of neurotransmitters
Answer: c) Removal of excess salt from the
body
30. What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
a) Delivering nutrients to cells
b) Eliminating waste products from the body
c) Exchanging gases between the body and the
environment
d) Regulating body temperature
Answer: c) Exchanging gases between the body
and the environment
31. Which structure in the respiratory system is responsible
for gas exchange?
a) Bronchi
b) Alveoli
c) Diaphragm
d) Trachea
Answer: b) Alveoli
32. What is the name of the muscle that contracts and
relaxes to expand and contract the chest cavity during breathing?
a) Diaphragm
b) Intercostal muscles
c) Pectoralis major
d) Sternocleidomastoid
Answer: a) Diaphragm
33. Which of the following is not a function of the nasal
cavity in the respiratory system?
a) Warming and humidifying inhaled air
b) Filtering dust and pathogens
c) Exchanging gases with the bloodstream
d) Smelling odors
Answer: c) Exchanging gases with the
bloodstream
34. What is the role of surfactant in the respiratory
system?
a) Facilitating gas exchange in the alveoli
b) Filtering dust and pathogens
c) Warming and humidifying inhaled air
d) Lubricating the airways
Answer: a) Facilitating gas exchange in the
alveoli
35. What is the correct pathway of air through the
respiratory system?
a) Trachea → Larynx → Pharynx → Bronchi →
Alveoli
b) Larynx → Trachea → Pharynx → Bronchi →
Alveoli
c) Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi →
Alveoli
d) Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Alveoli →
Bronchi
Answer: c) Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea →
Bronchi → Alveoli
36. What are the small hairlike structures in the
respiratory system that help filter dust and debris?
a) Cilia
b) Villi
c) Alveoli
d) Bronchioles
Answer: a) Cilia
37. Which gas is primarily delivered by red blood cells
through the bloodstream in the respiratory system?
a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Nitrogen
d) Hydrogen
Answer: a) Oxygen
38. What is the medical term for difficulty in breathing?
a) Hypoxia
b) Dyspnea
c) Hyperventilation
d) Bronchitis
Answer: b) Dyspnea
39. Which part of the brain controls the rate and depth of
breathing?
a) Medulla oblongata
b) Cerebellum
c) Cerebrum
d) Hypothalamus
Answer: a) Medulla oblongata
40. What is the basic structural and functional unit of all
living organisms?
a) Tissue
b) Organ
c) Cell
d) Organism
Answer: c) Cell
41. Which cellular organelle is responsible for producing
energy in the form of ATP?
a) Golgi apparatus
b) Endoplasmic reticulum
c) Mitochondrion
d) Lysosome
Answer: c) Mitochondrion
42. Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis in
the cell?
a) Mitochondrion
b) Lysosome
c) Ribosome
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: c) Ribosome
43. What is the function of the cell membrane?
a) Regulates the movement of substances in and
out of the cell
b) Synthesizes proteins
c) Stores genetic information
d) Provides structural support to the cell
Answer: a) Regulates the movement of
substances in and out of the cell
44. Which of the following is not found in a prokaryotic
cell?
a) Nucleus
b) Ribosome
c) Cell membrane
d) Cytoplasm
Answer: a) Nucleus
45. What is the function of the cytoplasm?
a) Stores genetic information
b) Site of protein synthesis
c) Provides structural support to the cell
d) Contains organelles and facilitates
cellular processes
Answer: d) Contains organelles and facilitates
cellular processes
46. Which cellular organelle is responsible for detoxifying
harmful substances in the cell?
a) Lysosome
b) Golgi apparatus
c) Peroxisome
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: c) Peroxisome
47. Which organelle contains digestive enzymes and is
involved in breaking down cellular waste?
a) Ribosome
b) Golgi apparatus
c) Lysosome
d) Nucleus
Answer: c) Lysosome
48. What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
a) Synthesizes lipids and steroids
b) Stores calcium ions
c) Modifies, packages, and transports proteins
d) Regulates the cell cycle and apoptosis
Answer: a) Synthesizes lipids and steroids
49. What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?
a) Synthesizes proteins
b) Controls cellular activities and stores
genetic information
c) Breaks down cellular waste
d) Regulates the movement of substances in and
out of the cell
Answer: b) Controls cellular activities and
stores genetic information
50. What is a disease called that can spread from one person
to another?
a) Chronic disease
b) Infectious disease
c) Genetic disease
d) Autoimmune disease
Answer: b) Infectious disease
51. Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the
body?
a) Right atrium
b) Left atrium
c) Right ventricle
d) Left ventricle
Answer: d) Left ventricle
52. In pulmonary circulation, blood flows between the heart
and which organ?
a) Brain
b) Lungs
c) Liver
d) Kidneys
Answer: b) Lungs
53. Which component of blood is primarily responsible for
carrying oxygen?
a) Red blood cells
b) White blood cells
c) Platelets
d) Plasma
Answer: a) Red blood cells
54. Which valve prevents the backflow of blood from the left
ventricle to the left atrium?
a) Tricuspid valve
b) Pulmonary valve
c) Aortic valve
d) Mitral valve
Answer: d) Mitral valve
55. What causes the "lubdub" sound of the heart?
a) Opening and closing of heart valves
b) Contraction and relaxation of heart muscles
c) Blood flow through arteries
d) Nerve impulses from the brain
Answer: a) Opening and closing of heart valves
56. What is the average resting heart rate for adults?
a) 5060 beats per minute
b) 7080 beats per minute
c) 90100 beats per minute
d) 110120 beats per minute
Answer: b) 7080 beats per minute
57. Which of the following is not a risk factor for heart
disease?
a) Smoking
b) High blood pressure
c) Regular exercise
d) Unhealthy diet
Answer: c) Regular exercise
58. What is the medical term for a heart attack?
a) Arrhythmia
b) Myocardial infarction
c) Angina pectoris
d) Atherosclerosis
Answer: b) Myocardial infarction
59. Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the
lungs to the heart?
a) Aorta
b) Pulmonary artery
c) Pulmonary vein
d) Inferior vena cava
Answer: c) Pulmonary vein
60. How many bones are typically found in the adult human
body?
a) 206
b) 300
c) 150
d) 100
Answer: a) 206
61. Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal
system?
a) Protection of internal organs
b) Production of blood cells
c) Regulation of body temperature
d) Providing support to the body
Answer: c) Regulation of body temperature
62. Which type of joint allows for a wide range of movement?
a) Ball and socket joint
b) Hinge joint
c) Pivot joint
d) Gliding joint
Answer: a) Ball and socket joint
63. Bone marrow is responsible for producing which of the
following?
a) red blood cells
b) White blood cells
c) Platelets
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
64. Which bone protects the brain?
a) Mandible
b) Sternum
c) Cranium
d) Clavicle
Answer: c) Cranium
65. The collarbone is also known by which name?
a) Radius
b) Ulna
c) Humerus
d) Clavicle
Answer: d) Clavicle
66. Which bone is the longest in the human body?
a) Femur
b) Tibia
c) Fibula
d) Humerus
Answer: a) Femur
67. Which bone is commonly referred to as the shoulder
blade?
a) Clavicle
b) Scapula
c) Radius
d) Ulna
Answer: b) Scapula
68. How many vertebrae are in the human spine?
a) 24
b) 26
c) 20
d) 30
Answer: b) 26
69. Which of the following bones is not part of the human
hand?
a) Radius
b) Metacarpals
c) Phalanges
d) Carpals
Answer: a) Radius
70. Which macronutrient is the primary source of energy for
the body?
a) Carbohydrates
b) Protein
c) Fats
d) Vitamins
Answer: a) Carbohydrates
71. Which vitamin is essential for proper blood clotting?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B12
c) Vitamin C
d) Vitamin K
Answer: d) Vitamin K
72. What is the main function of Vitamin D in the body?
a) Bone health and calcium absorption
b) Vision
c) Wound healing
d) Antioxidant protection
Answer: a) Bone health and calcium absorption
73. Which mineral is important for maintaining healthy blood
pressure levels?
a) Iron
b) Zinc
c) Potassium
d) Magnesium
Answer: c) Potassium
74. Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin D
c) Vitamin C
d) Vitamin E
Answer: c) Vitamin C
75. What is the primary function of Vitamin B12 in the body?
a) Healthy skin and vision
b) red blood cell formation and neurological
function
c) Wound healing
d) Antioxidant protection
Answer: b) Red blood cell formation and
neurological function
76. Which of the following is a good source of Omega3 fatty
acids?
a) Olive oil
b) Avocado
c) Salmon
d) Cheese
Answer: c) Salmon
77. Which vitamin is important for collagen production and
wound healing?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B6
c) Vitamin C
d) Vitamin E
Answer: c) Vitamin C
78. Which mineral is important for muscle function and nerve
transmission?
a) Iron
b) Calcium
c) Sodium
d) Magnesium
Answer: d) Magnesium
79. Which nutrient is primarily responsible for building and
repairing tissues in the body?
a) Fats
b) Carbohydrates
c) Protein
d) Vitamins
Answer: c) Protein
80. Which part of a neuron receives signals from other
neurons?
a) Axon
b) Dendrite
c) Cell body
d) Synapse
Answer: b) Dendrite
81. Which part of the brain is responsible for controlling
basic functions such as heartbeat and breathing?
a) Cerebrum
b) Cerebellum
c) Medulla oblongata
d) Hypothalamus
Answer: c) Medulla oblongata
82. What is the role of neurotransmitters in the nervous
system?
a) Transmitting electrical impulses within
neurons
b) Transmitting signals between neurons
c) Providing structural support to neurons
d) Regulating hormone production
Answer: b) Transmitting signals between
neurons
83. Which division of the peripheral nervous system controls
voluntary activities?
a) Autonomic nervous system
b) Somatic nervous system
c) Sympathetic nervous system
d) Parasympathetic nervous system
Answer: b) Somatic nervous system
84. Which neurotransmitter is commonly associated with
feelings of pleasure and reward?
a) Serotonin
b) Dopamine
c) Acetylcholine
d) GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid)
Answer: b) Dopamine
85. Which part of the brain is responsible for higher
cognitive functions such as reasoning and problem-solving?
a) Cerebrum
b) Brainstem
c) Thalamus
d) Hypothalamus
Answer: a) Cerebrum
86. What is the main function of the myelin sheath?
a) Provide structural support to neurons
b) Regulate neurotransmitter release
c) Insulate and speed up nerve impulse
transmission
d) Produce neurotransmitters
Answer: c) Insulate and speed up nerve impulse
transmission
87. Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for
processing visual information?
a) Frontal lobe
b) Parietal lobe
c) Occipital lobe
d) Temporal lobe
Answer: c) Occipital lobe
88. Damage to which cranial nerve can result in the loss of
the sense of smell?
a) Optic nerve (II)
b) Olfactory nerve (I)
c) Trigeminal nerve (V)
d) Facial nerve (VII)
Answer: b) Olfactory nerve (I)
89. Which part of the nervous system is responsible for the
"fightorflight" response?
a) Sympathetic nervous system
b) Parasympathetic nervous system
c) Somatic nervous system
d) Autonomic nervous system
Answer: a) Sympathetic nervous system
90. Which organ is primarily responsible for the digestion
and absorption of nutrients?
a) Liver
b) Stomach
c) Small intestine
d) Large intestine
Answer: c) Small intestine
91. What is the main function of the enzyme amylase in the
digestive system?
a) Breaks down proteins into amino acids
b) Breaks down carbohydrates into simple
sugars
c) Breaks down fats into fatty acids and
glycerol
d) Aids in the absorption of nutrients
Answer: b) Breaks down carbohydrates into
simple sugars
92. Where does most nutrient absorption occur in the
digestive system?
a) Stomach
b) Large intestine
c) Small intestine
d) Esophagus
Answer: c) Small intestine
93. Which of the following is not a function of the liver in
the digestive system?
a) Producing bile for fat digestion
b) Storing glycogen for energy
c) Producing insulin to regulate blood sugar
d) Detoxifying harmful substances
Answer: c) Producing insulin to regulate blood
sugar
94. What is the function of sphincter muscles in the
digestive system?
a) Secreting digestive enzymes
b) Mixing food with digestive juices
c) Controlling the flow of food through the
digestive tract
d) Absorbing nutrients from digested food
Answer: c) Controlling the flow of food
through the digestive tract
95. Which acid is found in the stomach and aids in the
breakdown of food?
a) Hydrochloric acid
b) Sulfuric acid
c) Nitric acid
d) Acetic acid
Answer: a) Hydrochloric acid
96. What is the function of villi in the small intestine?
a) Absorption of nutrients into the
bloodstream
b) Mechanical digestion of food particles
c) Secretion of digestive enzymes
d) Regulation of peristalsis
Answer: a) Absorption of nutrients into the
bloodstream
97. Which hormone stimulates hunger and increases appetite?
a) Insulin
b) Glucagon
c) Leptin
d) Ghrelin
Answer: d) Ghrelin
98. What is the main function of the large intestine in the
digestive system?
a) Absorption of water and electrolytes
b) Digestion of proteins
c) Absorption of nutrients
d) Production of bile
Answer: a) Absorption of water and
electrolytes
99. Which organ stores bile produced by the liver?
a) Gallbladder
b) Pancreas
c) Appendix
d) Spleen
Answer: a) Gallbladder
100. What is the main function of red blood cells
(erythrocytes)?
a) Fighting infections
b) Delivering oxygen to the body’s tissues
c) Initiating blood clotting
d) Producing antibodies
Answer: b) Delivering oxygen to the body’s
tissues
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